ForumIAS LATEST
- 04 June | MGP Strategy Series | GS Paper 4 (Ethics) with AIR 7 A.R. Rajah Mohaideen Click Here to register for the session →
- 04 June | GS Advance Program begins from 4th June 2026 | First 2 classes open to all Click Here to register for the event →
- 05 June | MGP Strategy Series | GS Paper 3 Strategy Session with AIR 406 Mannat Luthra Click Here to register for the session
- 06 June | Open Orientation on Essay Guidance Program (EGP 2026) Click Here to register →
- 07 June | Open Orientation for Current Affairs for Mains 2026 Click Here to register →
- 07 June | Sociology Optional Strategy Session with AIR 10 Ujjwal Priyank Click Here to register →
News:
- The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018 has been awarded to Frances H. Arnold for the directed evolution of enzymes and to George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.
Important Facts:
- Significance of discoveries:
- The uses of Frances Arnold’s enzymes include more environmentally friendly manufacturing of chemical substances, such as pharmaceuticals, and the production of renewable fuels for a greener transport sector.
- George Smith developed an elegant method known as phage display, where a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) can be used to evolve new proteins.
- Gregory Winter used phage display for the directed evolution of antibodies, with the aim of producing new pharmaceuticals.
- The first one based on this method, adalimumab, was approved in 2002 and is used for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Since then, phage display has produced antibodies that can neutralise toxins, counteract autoimmune diseases and cure metastatic cancer.
