[Answered] Explain various types of revolutions, took place in Agriculture after Independence in India. How these revolutions have helped in poverty alleviation and food security in India?

India is primarily an agricultural economy and majority of people are still dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. After independence, development of agriculture has been assured by various revolutions supported by government.

Various types of revolutions in Agriculture after Independence in India:

1. Green Revolution: This revolution led to tremendous rise in production of food grains, especially wheat, by use of high-yielding varieties of seeds, fertilisers and pesticide. In the agriculture sector in the decade of 1960 India started green revolution, and high yielding variety seeds were used in wheat, rice, maize. This experiment gave success and extended to most parts of the country.
2. White Revolution: Operation Flood (1970), an initiative of National Dairy Development Board has led to revolution in milk production in India. The world’s largest dairy development programme transformed India from a milk deficient nation to world’s largest milk producer. This has introduced in the new breeding technologies, high quality fodder, vaccination, veterinary facilities improved.
3. Blue Revolution: This revolution focussed on management of fisheries sector and has led to phenomenal increase in both fish production and productivity from aquaculture and fisheries resources of the inland and marine fisheries.
4. Other revolutions: Other revolutions are also significant includes yellow revolution (oil seed production), golden fibre revolution (jute), golden revolution (horticulture), silver fibre revolution (Cotton) and red revolution (meat production).

Significance of these revolutions in poverty alleviation and food security:

1. These innovations in agriculture have lifted millions of people out of poverty by generating rural income opportunities for farmers, farm labourers, and also reduced prices for consumers.
2. India has become self sufficient in food grain production with the help of green revolution. Green revolution increased the amount food grains enormously, with this India came out of PL-480 agreements, through which India imports food grains from USA.
3. White revolution in dairy sector came in 1970s, in this using co-operatives. In model farmers collectively increased the production of milk and India became the net exporter of milk. The exponential rise in milk production has led to nutritional security among the masses. Per capita availability of milk has reached all time high. With this supplementary income to the farmers increased and it improved the food and nutritional security of the people.
4. Blue revolution increased the sea food production. With this fishermen community get benefited and also provide food and nutritional security.
5. Also these revolutions provided income and employment to women leading to women empowerment helping millions to come out of poverty.

To further carry on the momentum of these programmes and assure food security in long run in face of ever increasing population, there is an urgent need for an ‘evergreen revolution’ that should focus on all round development of the agriculture sector. Recently govt started ever green revolution which focuses all aspects of agriculture pertaining to various products, it is also called as rainbow revolution. It also extend the results of green revolution eastern part of the country, it is a technology driven scheme.