News: The U.S. claimed its government ships could now pass through the Panama Canal for free.
About Panama Canal
- The Panama Canal is a strategic artificial waterway connecting the Atlantic Ocean (via the Caribbean Sea) and the Pacific Ocean.
- It is located in Central America, within Panama. It is one of the most important global maritime trade routes.
- It significantly reduces travel time for ships, avoiding the long and dangerous route around Cape Horn (South America).
- The canal was controlled by the U.S. until 1999 when it was transferred to Panama under the Torrijos-Carter Treaties (1977).
Geopolitical Importance
- Key chokepoint in global trade, handling about 5% of world maritime trade.
- Shortens travel time between the Pacific and Atlantic, especially for US, China, and Europe.
- A crucial factor in US foreign policy, maintaining influence in Latin America.
- Competition with China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Nicaragua Canal proposal.
Strategic Issues for India
- Key route for India’s trade with Latin America and the US West Coast.
- Increased toll fees and delays affect India’s export-import competitiveness.
- Alternative trade routes, such as the Arctic Northern Sea Route (NSR), are gaining importance.
- China’s influence in Panama poses strategic challenges for India’s global trade positioning.
