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POWER 50 is fifty capsules across fifty days: the whole PSIR syllabus revised once, in the order the syllabus is actually built. One topic a day — read the capsule, write the same day, and do not break the chain. Running alongside it are PSIR Dynamics 2026 and the PYQ Vault, which together move 560 previous-year questions across the fifty days, roughly eleven a day.
Day 14 — Marx, Gramsci & Arendt
Day 14 closes Western Political Thought with its three giants. The Marx section runs from his historical setting through human essence and alienation, the four forms of estranged labour, historical materialism and dialectics, the mode of production and the march of history, the state, ideology and commodity fetishism, class and class struggle, surplus value, and the theory of revolution and the communist vision — before closing on his critics and continuing relevance. Gramsci follows with his quarrel with orthodox Marxism: hegemony, the integral state, the theory of intellectuals and counter-hegemony, set beside a clean Marx-versus-Gramsci comparison. Arendt completes the day — the vita activa triad of labour, work and action, politics and power, civil disobedience, totalitarianism, the banality of evil, and her criticism and legacy. The capsule also carries a page of power quotes, a scholar index and the chapter’s own PYQ map. Between 2016 and 2025, this chapter carried one 10-marker, five 15-markers and three 20-markers, with Marx, Gramsci and Arendt each recurring.
Write before the evening:
- Marx’s concept of ‘alienation’ is an essential part of the reality in capitalism. Explain. (UPSC 2021, 15m)
- According to Gramsci, ‘hegemony is primarily based on the organisation of consent.’ Comment. (UPSC 2019, 20m)
- Critically examine Hannah Arendt’s conceptual triad of labour, work and action. (UPSC 2019, 20m)
If you go blank on a point, it is covered in full in the Foundation and OGP class notes and handouts — revise it, then write.
