Q.1) “Tenth Schedule of the Indian Constitution has failed to prevent defections.” Analyse.

10th schedule:it deals with defections.

History:1968-69 era of political defections

1969:y.b chavan committee to deal with it.

1969-1985:no sction taken due to lack of political will

1985:52nd CAA which introduced 10th schedule.

Antidefection law is a legisltive measure to deal with political defections or to create detterence against defections.

To strenghten antidefection law 91st CAA added 751a and 164(1a) and 361a provisions. 

Political defections is the sad reality of indias democratic history.

Effects:it breaches public trust

2.instability in govt.

3.weakens the democratic credentials of a political system.

Causes:1.criminilisation of politics.

2.lack of internal democracy in political parties.

3.increased influence of money in politics.

4.degraded ethics and morals of politicians

5weak antidefection law.

From the example of karnataka case we can still see that political defections are still rampant within indian political system.

Solutions.1.strengthen the antidefection law and for that there is need of strong political will and consensus.

2.for other disqualifications in article 102 the decision rests on president based on opinion of ECI a neutral body and in defections rest with speaker whose impartiality depends upon the persenality of the speaker.

3.merger clause shoupd be deleted.

4.electoral reforms.

5.internal democracy in political parties.

6.criminalisation of politics should be dealt with swift and heavy handed approach.

Defections need some concrete solution as is evident from the present scenario.the present law has failed to control the menace of defections.if a concrete step not taken to rein it then the public trust in the present political set up will shatter and indian democracy in which we as indians show great pride will become a mockery in front world eyes.