Exp) Option c is the correct answer.

Green hydrogen can play a role in decarbonizing all of the mentioned heavy industries: fertilizer plants, oil refineries, and steel plants.

1. Fertilizer Plants: Fertilizer production is energy-intensive and often relies on fossil fuels, particularly natural gas. By using green hydrogen as a clean energy source, fertilizer plants can reduce their carbon emissions. Green hydrogen can be used to generate electricity or directly as a feedstock in the ammonia production process, which is a key component of fertilizer manufacturing.
2. Oil Refineries: Oil refineries are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions due to their energy-intensive processes and reliance on fossil fuels. Green hydrogen can be utilized in oil refineries to replace or supplement fossil fuels, reducing their carbon footprint. Hydrogen can be used in refining processes, such as hydrocracking and hydrotreating, to remove impurities and improve the quality of fuels.
3. Steel Plants: The steel industry is responsible for a significant amount of global carbon emissions. Green hydrogen can be used as a reducing agent in the steelmaking process, replacing coal or coke. This process, known as direct reduction, enables the production of “green” or low-carbon steel. Additionally, green hydrogen can be utilized in the steel industry for heat generation and electricity production, further reducing carbon emissions.

Source: https://www.iberdrola.com/sustainability/green-hydrogen#:~:text=Versatile%3A%20green%20hydrogen%20can%20be,commercial%2C%20industrial%20or%20mobility%20purposes.

Subject) Geography & Environment