Explanation –

Himadri is India’s first Arctic research station, located at Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway. It was established in 2008 and supports research in various disciplines, including glaciology, atmospheric sciences, and marine biology.

IndARC is the Indian Arctic Research Consortium, which was established in 2015 to coordinate and promote Arctic research in India. It brings together researchers from various institutions and disciplines to collaborate on Arctic-related projects.

However, Maitri is not related to India’s Arctic research initiatives, but rather is India’s research station in Antarctica. Maitri was established in 1989 and supports research in various fields, including glaciology, geology, and atmospheric sciences.

Sources: Forum IAS