Consider the following reference matrix regarding volcanic features within Indian territory: Name Location Type Barren Island Andaman and Nicobar Islands Active Stratovolcano Narcondam Island Andaman and Nicobar Islands Dormant Stratovolcano Deccan Plateau Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana Extinct Caldera Baratang Island Andaman and Nicobar Islands Frequently Active; Mud Volcano How many of the statements given above are correct? |ForumIAS

[A] Only two statements

[B] Only three statements

[C] All four statements

[D] None of the statements

Answer: C

Notes:

Explanation:

Barren Island. It is located in the Andaman Sea along a highly active subduction zone arc. It remains the only verified active subaerial magmatic volcano in South Asia, with its most recent eruptive phase well-documented into 2025.
The Deccan Traps are classified as a Large Igneous Province (LIP) formed by massive fissure eruptions (highly fluid, low-viscosity basaltic lava flooding out of deep crustal cracks over millions of years). They are not an extinct caldera, which is a cauldron-like volcanic feature formed by the structural collapse of a magma chamber summit.
Unlike the magmatic systems of Barren and Narcondam, Baratang is world-renowned for its active mud volcanoes (known locally as Jalki). These are low-temperature surficial structures formed when underground high-pressure tectonic gases (mainly methane) and water force mud slurries to blast upwards through the surface crust.