Explanation: Heterodox schools or unorthodox (nastika) schools of Indian philosophy do not accept the authority of the Vedas.

• Lokayata refers to ideas derived from common people, and it underlines the importance of intimate contact with the world (loka), while showing a lack of belief in the other world.
• It accepts direct perception as the surest method to prove the truth of anything. It thus recognises earth, water, fire, and air, but not ether, as it cannot be known by perception.
• Charvaka insists on joyful living and is opposed to the quest for spiritual salvation.

Source: Tamil Nadu NCERT