Q. Consider the following statements regarding the Fundamental Duties enshrined in the Constitution of India:
1. The Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution are inspired from the Irish Constitution.
2. In 1976, the Balwant Rai Mehta committee recommended the inclusion of Fundamental Duties into the Constitution.
3. The Fundamental Duties were added by 42nd and 86th Constitutional Amendment Acts.
How many of the above given statements is/ are correct?
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Indian Constitution is inspired from the Constitution of Countries like UK, USSR, USA, Ireland, Japan, Canada, etc. The Part IV A of Indian Constitution that is the Fundamental Duties are inspired from the Constitution of Soviet Union (USSR).
Statement 2 is incorrect, and Statement 3 is correct: Originally, the Indian Constitution did not contain Fundamental Duties. In 1976, the Congress Party set up the Sardar Swaran Singh committee to make recommendations about Fundamental Duties. The recommendation of the committee was accepted by the Government and 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act added a new part, namely Part IV A (Fundamental Duties) to the Constitution of India. It added 10 Fundamental Duties. The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002 added one more fundamental duty.
| Important Tips Comparison between Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties: | |
| Fundamental Rights | Fundamental Duties |
| Justiciable and enforceable in nature Applicable to foreigners as well (with some exemptions) Embedded in original text of Indian constitution Self-enforceable (Except Art. 17) Fundamental Rights are complementary to Duties. | Neither Justiciable nor enforceable in nature Application is limited to Indians only. Not mentioned in the original constitution. Included by 42nd CAA 1976 and 86th CAA 2002. Not Self-enforceable Duties are complementary to Fundamental Rights. |
