Exp) Option c is the correct answer.

Statement I is correct: At the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), India refrained from signing the ‘Declaration on Climate and Health’. The declaration calls for deep, rapid, and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to achieve health benefits, including those from lower air pollution and sustainable diets.

Statement II is incorrect: COP28 Declaration on Climate and Health is a non-binding, voluntary political declaration that aims to galvanize support for action on climate change and health. It’s a call to action and a joint vision, not a legally enforceable treaty.

Statement III is correct: At COP28, India chose not to sign the “Declaration on Climate and Health”. This decision is primarily due to concerns about the practicality of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from cooling in the country’s healthcare infrastructure, a point within the declaration. Concerns were reportedly raised about the practicality of implementing cooling-related decarbonization in a country where access to affordable and reliable cooling (especially in rural or under-resourced health facilities) is essential for resilience. India feared that rigid decarbonization efforts in such critical infrastructure might undermine operational capacity or resilience, particularly in heat-prone and underserved areas.

Only statement III is correct and statement III explains statement I.

Source: https://www.business-standard.com/world-news/india-refrains-from-signing-health-and-climate-declaration-at-cop28-123120300945_1.html#:~:text=Listen%20to%20This%20Article,reductions%20in%20greenhouse%20gas%20emissions.

https://www.livemint.com/news/india/india-refuses-to-sign-cop28-declaration-on-climate-and-health-heres-why-11701618953067.html