Exp) Option d is the correct answer.

Liberty is the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one’s behaviour or political views.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Negative liberty (and not positive liberty) is ‘freedom from’ constraints. Negative liberty is the absence of obstacles, barriers or constraints. One has negative liberty to the extent that actions are available to one in this negative sense. ‘Negative liberty’ seeks to define and defend an area in which the individual would be inviolable. This is an area in which no external authority can interfere. It is a minimum area that is sacred and in which whatever the individual does, is not to be interfered with. Example: choice of what clothes to wear in different situations

Statement 2 is incorrect. Positive liberty is the ‘freedom to’ achieve your goals and live life as you want. Positive liberty is the possibility of acting — or the fact of acting — in such a way as to take control of one’s life and realize one’s fundamental purposes. Positive liberty recognises that one can be free only in society (not outside it) and hence tries to make that society such that it enables the development of the individual whereas negative liberty is only concerned with the inviolable area of non-interference and not with the conditions in society. The main implication of this definition is that negative liberty implies a small government as there are less laws and constraints passed and positive liberty requires a large state which provides a welfare system and other means for people to be able to achieve their goals.