Explanation –

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a measure of the concentration of six common air pollutants: ozone, particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). It is not a measure of the concentration of all pollutants in the air.

Statement 2 is correct. La Niña is a climate pattern that occurs when sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean are cooler than average. Triple dip La Niña is a rare and extreme event in which La Niña conditions persist for three consecutive winters.

Triple dip La Niña can have a number of effects on weather patterns around the world, including changes in wind patterns. In Mumbai, triple dip La Niña has led to weaker winds, which have made it difficult for pollutants to disperse. This had led to hardly any wind reversal from across the Arabian Sea and has contributed to the rising air pollution levels in the city.

Other factors that have contributed to the rising air pollution in Mumbai include increased vehicular emissions, construction dust, and industrial emissions. However, triple dip La Niña has played a role in trapping pollutants in the air and making the problem worse.

Source: ForumIAS