Exp) Option c is the correct answer.

Alternative powertrain vehicles are those that do not rely solely on conventional internal combustion engines (ICEs) using petrol or diesel. Instead, they use alternative energy sources such as electricity, hydrogen, or a combination of power sources. They are more environmentally friendly and often reduce or eliminate tailpipe emissions.

Option I is correct: Full Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

• Full Battery Electric Vehicles operate entirely on electricity stored in high-capacity batteries. These batteries are charged using external power sources like home chargers or public charging stations.
• BEVs have no internal combustion engine, meaning they do not consume petrol or diesel at all. Instead, they use an electric motor to power the wheels. This results in zero tailpipe emissions, making them environmentally friendly.
• Common examples of BEVs include the Tesla Model 3 and Nissan Leaf.
• Since they completely replace the traditional fuel system with electric propulsion, BEVs are considered a key category of alternative powertrain vehicles.

Option II is correct: Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCEVs)

• Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles generate electricity onboard by using a chemical process in a fuel cell, where hydrogen gas reacts with oxygen from the air. This process produces electricity that powers an electric motor, with only water vapor as the byproduct, making these vehicles emission-free at the tailpipe.
• FCEVs do not rely on fossil fuels or internal combustion engines, and unlike BEVs, they do not require external charging; instead, they are refueled with compressed hydrogen gas.
• Vehicles like the Toyota Mirai and Hyundai NEXO are prime examples of FCEVs.
• Because they use hydrogen fuel cells instead of conventional engines, they are classified as alternative powertrain vehicles.

Option III is correct: Fuel Cell Electric Hybrid Vehicles (FCHEVs):

• Fuel Cell Electric Hybrid Vehicles combine the technologies of fuel cell vehicles and battery-electric vehicles. In these vehicles, both a hydrogen fuel cell and a battery system work together to power an electric motor.
• The fuel cell generates electricity from hydrogen, while the battery can store energy from regenerative braking or from the fuel cell. This hybrid system provides flexibility in power delivery, better efficiency, and potentially extended driving range.
• An example of such a vehicle is the Mercedes-Benz GLC F-CELL.
• Since these vehicles do not depend on conventional internal combustion engines and operate primarily on hydrogen and electricity, they significantly reduce environmental impact and are therefore considered a form of alternative powertrain vehicle.

Source: https://e-amrit.niti.gov.in/types-of-electric-vehicles

https://www.acea.auto/fact/alternative-powertrains/