Exp) Option c is the correct answer.

Most electric vehicles use lithium-ion batteries. These batteries have two key electrodes:

• Cathode (positive electrode): This is where lithium ions are stored when the battery is discharged.
• Anode (negative electrode): This is where lithium ions move during charging.

The cathode material determines the battery’s energy capacity, lifespan, and safety.

Option I is correct: Cobalt – Used in Cathode

Cobalt is commonly used in EV battery cathodes, particularly in chemistries like Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) and Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA). It enhances energy density and stability.

Option II is incorrect: Graphite – Used in Anode

 Graphite is the most common material used for the anode (the negative electrode) in lithium-ion batteries, not the cathode.

Option III is correct: Lithium – Used in Cathode

Lithium is a fundamental element in lithium-ion batteries, and it is present in the cathode material (e.g., lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide). The movement of lithium ions between the cathode and anode is how the battery stores and releases energy.

Option IV is correct:  Nickel – Used in Cathode

Nickel is a key element in many high-energy density EV battery cathodes, such as NMC and NCA. It contributes to higher energy density and allows for longer driving ranges.

Source: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/how-do-electric-vehicle-batteries-work/articleshow/95529209.cms?from=mdr

https://www.aquametals.com/recyclopedia/lithium-ion-anode-and-cathode-materials/