Q. In the context of federalism in India, consider the following pairs:
Type of federalism Example
1. Cooperative federalism Implementation of Centrally Sponsored Schemes by states.
2. Competitive Federalism Ease of Doing Business Ranking of states
3. Asymmetric federalism Special provisions for some states in the constitution.
How many of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
Pair 1 is correct: The cooperative federalism involves the Centre and States governments cooperating with each other for the overall development of the nation. Centrally sponsored schemes are jointly funded by the Centre and states. Thus, centre and states cooperate in the funding of these scheme. Cooperative federalism involves the participation of the States in the creation and implementation of the policies for the development of the country.
Pair 2 is correct: In Competitive federalism States compete among themselves and also with the Centre for benefits. States compete with each other to attract funds and investment, which facilitates efficiency in administration and enhances developmental activities. To promote the concept of competitive federalism in India, the union government started taking several measures in that direction. NITI Aayog endeavours to promote competitive federalism by facilitating improved performance of States/UTs. It encourages healthy competition between the States through transparent rankings in various sectors, along with a hand-holding approach. Ease of doing business ranking for states is one such example.
Pair 3 is correct: Asymmetric federalism is found in a federation in which different constituent states possess different powers. One state has considerably more independence than the other states, though they have the same constitutional status. Example- Most of Northeast states enjoy special powers especially for the tribal areas
