Exp) Option b is the correct answer.

A nuclear doctrine is meant to provide a framework regarding the use of nuclear weapons by a nuclear-weapon state both during peace and war. India had officially adopted the nuclear doctrine in 2003.

Statement 1 is incorrect: In 1964, China had already declared its no-first use policy. India had adopted this policy in 1998 after the successful completion of nuclear tests in Pokhran. Presently, only India and China have declared policy of ‘no first use’. The policy asserts that the arsenal would be used only as a nuclear deterrent. However, the government reserves the right to use nuclear weapons for retaliation against nuclear attack on Indian territory or on Indian Forces anywhere. In case of biological or chemical weapons attack also, the government reserves right for retaliatory nuclear strike.

Statement 2 is correct: The Nuclear Command Authority comprises a Political Council and an Executive Council. The Political Council is chaired by the Prime Minister. It is the sole body which can authorize the use of nuclear weapons. The Executive Council is chaired by the National Security Advisor. It provides inputs for decision making by the Nuclear Command Authority and executes the directives given to it by the Political Council.