Q. In the context of the evolution of the Indian Constitution, the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) have been amended/supplemented by which of the following?

[A] Once

[B] Twice

[C] Thrice

[D] Four times

Answer: D
Notes:

Explanation: The DPSP (Part IV) have been amended four times:

  1. 42nd Amendment (1976): Added four new principles (Art 39, 39A, 43A, 48A).
  2. 44th Amendment (1978): Added one more (Art 38, cl 2).
  3. 86th Amendment (2002): Changed the subject matter of Art 45.
  4. 97th Amendment (2011): Added Art 43B (Co-operative societies).
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