Q. Is the “Knock-Knee syndrome” related to which of the following?

[A] Cadmium

[B] Fluorine

[C] Arsenic

[D] Lead

Answer: B
Notes:

Explanation: Fluorine occurs in nature as fluoride, in air, soil and water. Fluorisis is a common problem in several states of the country due to intake of high fluoride content water.

  • Fluorides cause dental fluorisis, stiffness of joints (particularly spinal cord) causing humped back.
  • Pain in bones and joint and outward bending of legs from the knees is called Knock-Knee syndrome.
  • In cattle, fluoride intake causes staining, mottling and abrasion of teeth, lameness and decrease in milk production.

Source: Shankar IAS

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