Q. Lichens, which can initiate ecological succession on bare rock, are a symbiotic association of:

[A] fungi and mosses

[B] algae and fungi

[C] algae and bacteria

[D] bacteria and fungi

Answer: B
Notes:

Explanation: Lichens are a classic example of mutualism, where algae (which perform photosynthesis) and fungi (which provide structure and absorb moisture/nutrients) live together. They are pioneer species that help break down bare rock into soil, initiating primary succession.

Source- Shankar IAS

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