Explanation: The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2011 gave constitutional status and protection to co-operative societies.

In this context, it made the following three changes in the constitution:

• It made the right to form co-operative societies a fundamental right (Article 19).
• It included a new Directive Principle of State Policy on promotion of co-operative societies (Article 43-B).
• It added a new Part IX-B in the Constitution which is entitled “The Co-operative Societies” (Articles 243-ZH to 243-ZT).

Source: Laxmikanth’s Polity