Iron & Steel Industry: The industry is one of the most complex and capital-intensive industries and is concentrated in the advanced countries of North America, Europe and Asia.  

• Pittsburg area is now losing ground. It has now become the “rust bowl” of U.S.A.  
• In Europe, U.K., Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourgh, the Netherlands and Russia are the leading producers.  
• The important steel centres are Scun Thorpe, Port Talbot, Birmingham and Sheffield in the U.K.;  

• Duisburg, Dortmund, Dusseldorf and Essen in Germany; Le Creusot and St. Ettienne in France;  
• And Moscow, St. Petersburgh, Lipetsk, Tula, in Russia and Krivoi Rog, and Donetsk in Ukraine. 

Source: NCERT – XII Fundamentals of Human Geography