Q. What is the common characteristic of the chemical substances generally known as CL-20, HMX and LLM-105, which are sometimes talked about in media?
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[A] These are alternatives to hydro-fluorocarbon refrigerants

[B] These are explosives in military weapons

[C] These are high-energy fuels for cruise missiles

[D] These are fuels for rocket propulsion

Answer: B
Notes:

Exp) Option b is the correct answer.

The substances CL-20, HMX, and LLM-105 are all part of a class of chemicals known as high-energy explosives. These are powerful explosive compounds developed for military applications, particularly in warheads, bombs, and other precision munitions.

Overview of Each Compound:

  • CL-20(Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane): Developed in the 1980s at the U.S. Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, CL-20 is among the most powerful non-nuclear explosives known. It offers superior performance compared to traditional explosives like HMX and RDX, with higher detonation velocity and energy density.
  • HMX: An acronym for “High Melting explosive,” HMX is a widely used and powerful nitroamine high explosive, chemically related to RDX. It has been used for decades in various military applications
  • LLM-105 : Synthesized in the 1990s at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, LLM-105 is an insensitive high explosive. It is designed to withstand high temperatures and mechanical shocks, making it suitable for use in munitions where safety and stability are paramount

Source: https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=67872

https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1879800


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