Explanation:

The Fundamental duties act as a moral obligation on the citizens to help build and promote patriotism and unity in the country. The Fundamental Duties are dealt with Article 51A under Part-IV A of the Indian Constitution. 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added 10 Fundamental Duties to the Indian Constitution. 86th Amendment Act 2002 later added the 11th Fundamental Duty to the list.

The 11 Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens, under Article 51A Part IV A are:

• To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
• To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired our national freedom struggle.
• To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
• To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
• To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India, transcending religious, linguistic, and regional sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
• To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
• To protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures.
• To develop a scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
• To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
• To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement.
• The 86th amendment to the constitution of India in 2002, provided the Right to Education as a fundamental right in part-III of the Constitution. The same amendment inserted Article 21A which made the Right to Education a fundamental right for children between 6-14 years.

Source: Indian Polity by Laxmikanth