Explanation: Safeguards to Civil Servants: Article 311 places two restrictions on the above doctrine of pleasure.

• In other words, it provides two safeguards to civil servants against any arbitrary dismissal from their posts.
• A civil servant cannot be dismissed or removed by an authority subordinate to that by which he was appointed.
• A civil servant cannot be dismissed or removed or reduced in rank except after an inquiry in which he has been informed of the charges against him and given a reasonable opportunity of being heard in respect of those charges.

Source: Laxmikanth’s Polity