Q. Which of the following are considered as Criminal Offence under Indian laws?
1. Defacing, destroying or stealing of a property.
2. Breach of contract where money is owed to another party.
3. Torts involving personal injuries against private individuals.
4. Operating Gambling in public gaming houses.
5. Cultivation of opium, cannabis or coca plants without license.
Select the correct answer using the code given below

[A] 1, 2, 3 and 5 only

[B] 2 and 5 only

[C] 1, 4 and 5 only

[D] 1, 2 and 4 only

Answer: C
Notes:

Exp) Option c is the correct answer.

Criminal offence are acts that are unlawful and punishable by the specific laws of a state or a country. Whereas Civil offense means an act which is triable by a Criminal Court or by a special Judge appointed under the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1952.

Statement 1 is correct. The offence of theft and Criminal Misappropriation that involve defacing, destroying, or stealing of a property is a criminal offence under Section 378 of Indian Penal Code, 1860.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Breach of contract, such as where items are not fit for purpose or when money is owed to another is not considered a criminal offense unless it involves something like fraud.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The law of torts in India is a body of law that addresses and provides remedies for non-contractual acts of civil wrongdoings (not criminal offences). It is concerned with personal injuries against private individuals. A tort can be against either a private individual or property. The common forms of torts include trespass, assault, battery, negligence, nuisance, defamation, etc. Even though many of these results in civil liability and criminal offence, torts are civil offences.

Statement 4 is correct. Gambling that involves risking or staking of money or any other valuable security is a criminal offence under the Public Gambling Act 1867. The act prohibits running or operating public gaming houses.

Statement 5 is correct. The Cultivation of opium, cannabis or coca plants without license is a criminal offence under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 198 Judiciary

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