Exp) Option d is the correct answer.

The following features of the Constitution makes our polity with a strong central government. 1) Parliament has the power to alter the name of a state.

The Parliament is empowered to form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States. It can also alter the boundary of any State. 2)

Emergency provisions – The Constitution has certain very powerful emergency provisions, which can turn our federal polity into a highly centralised system once emergency is declared. During an emergency, power becomes lawfully centralised. Parliament also assumes the power to make laws on subjects within the jurisdiction of the States. 3)

Office of Governor – Governor has certain powers to recommend dismissal of the State government and the dissolution of the Assembly. Besides, even in normal circumstances, the Governor has the power to reserve a bill passed by the State legislature, for the assent of the President. This gives the central government an opportunity to delay the State legislation and also to examine such bills and veto them completely. 4)

The central government may choose to give instructions to the State government as per Article 257. According to Article 257, the executive power of the Union shall also extend to the giving of directions to a State as to the construction and maintenance of means of communication declared in the direction to be of national or military importance.