Q. Which of the following is the most distinguishing feature of the reign of Deva Raya II (c. 1423–1446 CE)?

[A] He was the first Vijayanagar king to establish diplomatic relations with the Portuguese, securing a monopoly on the import of horses.

[B] He earned the title 'Gajabetekara' (Elephant Hunter) and was the first king to incorporate a large contingent of Muslim cavalry into the Vijayanagar army.

[C] He founded the city of Penukonda after shifting the capital due to continuous raids by the Bahamani Sultanate.

[D] He was a great builder, famous for the construction of the Vithalaswami Temple at Hampi, which is known for its musical pillars.

Answer: B
Notes:

Explanation:

  • Option (b): Correct. Deva Raya II is renowned for his military reforms. He realised the superiority of the Bahamani cavalry and thus recruited many Muslim archers and cavalrymen, treating them with honour and assigning them jagirs. He also had the title Gajabetekara.
  • Option (a): Incorrect. Diplomatic relations with the Portuguese (for horses) intensified during the Tuluva Dynasty, especially under Krishna Deva Raya.
  • Option (c): Incorrect. Penukonda became the capital much later during the Aravidu Dynasty, after the Battle of Talikota (1565).
  • Option (d): Incorrect. The Vithalaswami Temple was primarily built and enhanced by Krishna Deva Raya.
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