Explanation: The proto states of the Gangetic region were known as janapadas and comprised chiefdoms, republics and small kingdoms.

• Sixteen mahajanapadas are mentioned in the early texts. There were also gana sanghas or oligarchies, which were centred on clans.
• The Vrijjis were one of the best known of the gana-sanghas, and Vaishali was their capital in the Mithila region.

Source: Tamil Nadu NCERT