Exp) Option d is the correct answer.

Justice involves the well-being of all people. There are the three principles of justice a. equal treatment for equals. b. proportionate justice c. recognition of special needs

Pair 1 is correct. It is considered that all individuals share certain characteristics as human beings. Therefore, they deserve equal rights and equal treatment. Some of the important rights which are granted in most liberal democracies today include civil rights such as the rights of life, liberty and property, political rights like the right to vote, which enable people to participate in political processes, and certain social rights which would include the right to enjoy equal opportunities with other members of the society. Apart from equal rights, the principle of treating equals equally would require that people should not be discriminated against on grounds of class, caste, race or gender. They should be judged on the basis of their work and actions and not on the basis of the group to which they belong. Therefore, if a male and female employee perform the same kind of work, they should receive the same kind of reward.

Pair 2 is incorrect. Proportionate justice is the second principle of justice. it means rewarding people according to the scale and quality of effort. Although equality is an important principle but we cannot have equal treatment for all. How will you feel if you have worked so hard for your exams and you get the same marks as your friend who has slept and played during exams. You will feel this is injustice. So, justice has to be according to the merit. So, for justice in society, equal treatment needs to be balanced with proportionality. Therefore, the given example of Women Working at night requiring security arrangements for them does not best describes the proportionate justice principle.

Pair 3 is incorrect. Recognition of special needs is the third principle of justice. Everybody cannot be treated equally. there are people with special needs also. for example: handicaps. these people have disabilities and cannot be compared with others These sections are not provided with the special advantages to a particular section but raise them to a level to compete with other sections of society on equal footing. So, physical disabilities, lack of education and health care are some factors which are considered grounds for special treatment. We need to recognise that if women work at night, then security issues arise and we need to take note of that rather than comparing them with male colleagues. Giving marks according to the efforts made may be injustice to a person with special needs like a disabled person. In such circumstances to make him on equal footing with others extra time in writing exam or/ and reservation of posts are provided.