Q. Which of the following reasons for the defeat of the Rajput kingdoms in the face of Turkish invasions are explicitly supported by historical accounts of the medieval period?
1.The widespread adoption of the Bhakti Movement, which led to a general decline in the martial spirit among the rulers.
2.Over-reliance on static defenses and war elephants, which proved ineffective against the swift, mobile Turkish cavalry utilizing advanced technologies like the iron stirrup.
3.A rigid feudal structure that hampered the formation of a large, professionally trained, and centrally paid standing army.
Select the correct code:
Answer: B
Notes:
Explanation:
- Statement 1: Incorrect. The Bhakti movement gained prominence much later, and linking it to a decline in martial spirit is a contested and simplistic historical generalization.
- Statement 2: Correct. Key factors like “reliance on static defense (fortifications)” and the “technological edge of the Turkish forces (e.g., use of iron stirrups and horse shoes).”
- Statement 3: Correct. A “rigid feudal system” which meant military resources were tied to vassals rather than a powerful central state, contrasting sharply with the Sultanate’s centrally-managed forces.
