Q. Which of the following statements with regard to the eastward shift of the political center from the Kuru-Panchala region to the Middle Ganga Valley is/are correct?
1.Higher annual rainfall in Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar facilitated intensive wet-rice cultivation and generated agricultural surpluses.
2.Easy access to rich iron ore deposits in Chota Nagpur region enabled the production of durable agricultural implements and war weaponry.
3.Navigable river systems like the Ganga, Son, and Gandak served as natural communication highways for trade and troop movement.
Select the answer using the code given below:
Answer: D
Notes:
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: The middle Ganga valley received heavier rainfall than the semi-arid western region, allowing paddy transplantation (Ropa) that significantly increased crop yields.
- Statement 2 is correct: Proximity to rich iron ore reserves in the Chota Nagpur plateau provided Magadha with a strategic advantage in manufacturing effective tools and weapons.
- Statement 3 is correct: Rivers like the Ganga, Son, Gandak, and Ghaghara provided low-cost transport routes for commercial trade and rapid military deployment.
