Explanation: Even as Indian intellectuals felt challenged by western Enlightenment and rationalistic movements, there was a strain of thinking in the West which looked to the East for spiritual salvation.

• From this idea emerged the Theosophical Society, founded by Madam H.P. Blavatsky and Colonel H.S. Olcott in the United States of America in 1875.
• They came to India in 1879 and established their headquarters at Adyar in 1886.
• Under the leadership of Annie Besant, who came to India in 1893, the Theosophical Society gathered strength and won many adherents.

Source: Tamil Nadu NCERT