Q. Which one of the following is the best example of repeated falls in sea level, giving rise to present-day extensive marshland?
Option a is incorrect: Bhitarkanika mangroves, located in Odisha, India, is a significant mangrove ecosystem. While it experiences tidal fluctuations, it is not primarily characterized by repeated falls in sea level. Rather, it is influenced by the riverine system and is considered an important breeding ground for various species, including the endangered saltwater crocodile.
Option b is incorrect: Marakkanam salt pans, situated in Tamil Nadu, India, are salt marshes used for salt production. They are formed in low-lying coastal areas where seawater is allowed to evaporate, leaving behind salt crystals. However, these salt pans do not result from repeated falls in sea level but are created artificially by utilizing the existing seawater.
Option c is incorrect: Naupada swamp, also known as Naupada Wetland, is located in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is a freshwater swamp and is not primarily influenced by repeated falls in sea level. Instead, it is formed by the inflow of freshwater from rivers and receives seasonal rainwater.
Option d is correct: The Rann of Kutch, situated in Gujarat, India, is the best example among the options provided. It is a vast seasonal salt marsh that experiences significant fluctuations in sea level due to its geological history. The Rann of Kutch was once an arm of the Arabian Sea, and as the sea level fell over time, it transformed into a marshy land. The region is known for its unique ecosystem, supporting a diverse range of flora and fauna, including migratory birds and endangered species. The Rann of Kutch is also famous for the annual Rann Utsav, a cultural festival that celebrates the vibrant traditions of the region.
Source: https://forests.gujarat.gov.in/writereaddata/images/pdf/26_Rann-Booklet.pdf
