Exp) Option b is the correct answer.

Statement a is correct. The Directive Principles of State Policy aims at establishing a welfare state. These are guidelines to the central and state governments of India, to be kept in mind while framing laws and policies. They are enumerated in part IV of the constitution of India. They are the instruments of instructions in the governance of the country. The directive principles lay down certain economic & social policies to be pursued by the various governments in India.

Statement b is incorrect. Concept of absolute economic equality is an outcome of communism. Welfare state is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth (not absolute redistribution), and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life.

Statement c is correct. The concept of laissez faire is based on a model of dependence on the market for fair distribution, and requires no intervention by the state. A welfare state is a concept of government where the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens.

There are two main interpretations of the idea of a welfare state:

• A model in which the state assumes primary responsibility for the welfare of its citizens. This responsibility in theory ought to be comprehensive, because all aspects of welfare are considered and universally applied to citizens as a “right”.
• Welfare state can also mean the creation of a “social safety net” of minimum standards of varying forms of welfare. Statement d is correct. The preamble to the Constitution declares India to be a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and a welfare state committed to secure justice, liberty and equality for the people and for promoting fraternity, dignity of the individual and unity and integrity of the nation