Q. With reference to the administrative and economic reforms of Tipu Sultan, consider the following statements:
1.Tipu abolished the oppressive practice of Jagirs and redistributed the land to the peasantry, introducing a direct contract between the ruler and the cultivator for revenue payment.
2.In his commercial policy, he established state-owned trading companies and factories in places like Muscat and Jedda, aiming to create a centralized state monopoly for external trade.
3.Tipu was one of the first Indian rulers to employ European administrative practices by introducing a French-style system of provincial governors with complete political autonomy.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: A
Notes:
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct. Tipu Sultan tried to maximize state control and eliminate intermediaries. He effectively abolished the system of granting Jagirs (revenue assignments) and brought the land under direct central administration, benefiting the peasantry.
- Statement 2 is correct. Tipu was a commercial innovator. He established state trading concerns (often called “Sircar” factories) to bypass the EIC and conducted overseas trade with various regions, demonstrating an early form of state capitalism.
- Statement 3 is incorrect. While Tipu was a reformer and modernizer, he maintained a highly centralized His provincial governors (Asafs) were tightly controlled by the capital (Seringapatam) and had no complete political autonomy. The entire administration was geared towards serving the Sultan.
