Q. With reference to the early rulers of the Sangama Dynasty, Harihara I and Bukka I, which of the following titles or concepts correctly reflect their political achievements?
1.Purvapaschima-samudradhishvara: A title adopted by Bukka I, signifying control over the eastern and western seas, demonstrating early imperial ambition.
2.Gandaroda-ganda: A title meaning ‘The Vanquisher of Foreign Kings’, often associated with the early rulers’ success against the Bahamani Sultanate.
3.Chatuḥ Samudrādhipati: A term used for Harihara I, implying sovereignty over all four directions and establishing the initial territorial limits.
Select the correct code:
Answer: A
Notes:
Explanation:
- Statement 1: Correct. Bukka I assumed the title Purvapaschima-samudradhishvara (Master of the Eastern and Western Seas) after extending the empire’s control over the Konkan coast and parts of the Coromandel coast.
- Statement 2: Incorrect. The title Gandaroda-ganda (Hero over the Heroes) was a common epithet but not strictly defined as ‘The Vanquisher of Foreign Kings’. It was used by various kings, including Deva Raya II.
- Statement 3: Incorrect. Chatuḥ Samudrādhipati (Master of the Four Seas) was a grand imperial title but is specifically associated with Harihara II, who expanded the empire significantly and assumed high imperial titles.
