Explanation –

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. An electric battery is a device that stores electrical energy in the form of chemical energy and releases it as electrical power when needed.

American scientist and inventor Benjamin Franklin first used the term “battery” in 1749 when he was doing experiments with electricity using a set of linked capacitors. However, the first true battery was invented by the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta in 1800.

Electric battery consists of one or more electrochemical cells, each composed of two electrodes (anode and cathode) separated by an electrolyte.

During discharge, a chemical reaction within the battery allows electrons to flow from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, creating an electric current. This process converts chemical energy into electrical energy.

Factors such as moisture, humidity, and the presence of certain chemicals can contribute to corrosion in the battery.

Statements 3 and 4 are incorrect. Perpetual energy suggests the creation of a system that can operate indefinitely without the need for an external energy source or without losing energy due to friction or other factors. In other words, it’s a device that can provide continuous energy output without ever stopping or slowing down.

However, in real world application a battery cannot be perpetual source of energy.

Lithium-ion batteries are used in smartphones, laptops, digital cameras, electric vehicles, portable electronic devices. Lead Acid Batteries are used in automotive starting batteries, backup power systems, UPS. Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd) Batteries are used in Portable power tools, medical equipment, and emergency lighting.

Source: ForumIAS