With reference to the judicial reforms introduced by Warren Hastings, consider the following statements: 1. District Diwani Adalats tried civil disputes and applied Hindu law for Hindus and Muslim law for Muslims. 2. The Sadar Nizamat Adalat at Murshidabad functioned as the highest criminal court and required British judges for approving capital punishment. 3. The Supreme Court established under the Regulating Act of 1773 often came into conflict with other judicial institutions in Bengal. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? |ForumIAS

[A] 1 and 2 only

[B] 2 and 3 only

[C] 1 and 3 only

[D] 1, 2 and 3

Answer: C

Notes:

Explanation:

District Diwani Adalats were established to try civil disputes and applied personal laws—Hindu law for Hindus and Muslim law for Muslims. Appeals lay to the Sadar Diwani Adalat.
The Sadar Nizamat Adalat at Murshidabad was the highest criminal court, but it was headed by an Indian deputy nizam, not British judges. It was assisted by chief qazi and chief mufti.
The Supreme Court at Calcutta, set up under the Regulating Act of 1773, often had jurisdictional clashes with the existing Indian courts, causing administrative and legal confusion.

Source: Spectrum’s A Brief History of Modern India

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