With reference to the Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Movement (1920–1922), consider the following statements: 1. The Non-Cooperation Movement was formally approved by the Indian National Congress at its Allahabad session 1920. 2. The Nagpur session of Congress in December 1920 marked the adoption of swaraj as its goal through peaceful and extra-constitutional means. 3. Leaders like C.R. Das and Annie Besant remained steadfast supporters of the Congress non-cooperation programme throughout. Which of the above statements is/are correct? |ForumIAS

[A] 2 only

[B] 2 and 3 only

[C] 1 and 2 only

[D] 1, 2 and 3

Answer: A

Notes:

Explanation:

The Allahabad conference in June 1920 approved the boycott programme and invited Gandhi to lead it, but the Congress formally approved the Non-Cooperation Movement at its special session in Calcutta in September 1920, not Allahabad.
The Nagpur session (December 1920) saw a major ideological shift where Congress adopted swaraj as its goal through peaceful and extra-constitutional means, and endorsed the non-cooperation strategy.
Leaders like R. Das had reservations about the council boycott and initially disagreed with parts of the programme. Annie Besant outright opposed the movement and eventually left Congress over it.

Source: Spectrum’s A Brief History of Modern India

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