Q. With reference to the proclamation of the national emergency in India, consider the following statements.
1. The First national emergency was proclaimed in wake of Indo-Pakistan War of 1965.
2. The National Emergency of 1975 was proclaimed on the ground of internal disturbances.
3. The Bihar Movement was a peaceful protest launched by the opposition parties after the National Emergency of 1975 was declared.
How many statements given above are correct?
Exp) Option a is the correct answer
Under Article 352, the President can declare a national emergency when the security of India or a part of it is threatened by war or external aggression or armed rebellion (earlier internal disturbances). Its history of invoking is as under:
Statement 1 is incorrect. Since Independence, three National Emergency has been proclaimed (1962, 1971 and 1975). The first two proclamations (1962 and 1971) were made on the ground of ‘external aggression’.
Statement 2 is correct. The 1975 National Emergency was declared on 25 June 1975. It was made on the ground of ‘internal disturbance’, that is, certain persons have been inciting the police and the armed forces against the discharge of their duties and their normal functioning. For example, Jayaprakash in a massive demonstration in Delhi’s Ramlila grounds on 25 June 1975 asked the army, the police and government employees not to obey “illegal and immoral orders”.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The Bihar Movement was a political movement initiated by students in the Indian state of Bihar in 1974. It was launched before emergency were declared. The Bihar Movement (1974-75) under the leadership of Jayaprakash Narayan aimed at a ‘Total Revolution’ in the country. It was against misrule and corruption in the state government. It later turned against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s government in the central government. It was also called Sampoorna Kranti and JP Movement.
