Q. With reference to the taxation policy under Shivaji, consider the following statements:
1.Chauth was one-fourth of the revenue collected from the territories conquered by the Marathas.
2.Sardeshmukhi was an additional 10% tax claimed by Shivaji as the hereditary Sardeshmukh of the Mughal Empire.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: A
Notes:
Explanation:
- Chauth was one-fourth (25%) of the revenue from districts conquered or raided by the Marathas. It was collected as a form of protection money from non-Maratha territories, such as Mughal or Bijapur domains.
- Sardeshmukhi was an additional 10% tax collected not as a Mughal office, but by virtue of Shivaji’s claim as the hereditary Sardeshmukh (a superior head among local chieftains or Deshmukhs). It was based on a hereditary right in his own territories, not the Mughal Empire.
Source: NCERT and History Of Medieval India – NCERT (Satish Chandra)
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