Q. With reference to types of biotic interactions among species, consider the following statements:
1.In mutualism, both interacting species derive benefit from the relationship.
2.In amensalism, one species is harmed while the other remains unaffected.
3.Competition results in mutual benefit to both the interacting species.
4.In commensalism, one species benefits and the other remains unaffected.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

[A] 1, 2 and 4 only

[B] 1, 3 and 4 only

[C] 2, 3 and 4 only

[D] 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: A
Notes:

Explanation:

  • Mutualism involves mutual benefit (+/+) to both species.
  • Amensalism is a (–/0) interaction where one species is harmed, and the other is unaffected.
  • Competition is a (–/–) interaction; both species are harmed due to resource scarcity.
  • Commensalism is a (+/0) interaction where one species benefits, and the other is unaffected.

Source: Environment (NCERT)

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