Signs of a potential improvement in India-Pakistan relations

Source: The post signs of a potential improvement in India-Pakistan relations has been created, based on the article “In India-Pakistan meet on sidelines of SCO, a kind of hope” published in “Indian Express” on 18th October 2024

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2 – International Relations-India and its neighbourhood- relations.

Context: The article discusses signs of a potential improvement in India-Pakistan relations following Minister S. Jaishankar’s visit to Islamabad for the SCO summit. It highlights Pakistan’s recent diplomatic warmth and suggests this might lead to renewed dialogue between the two nations.

What is the significance of Jaishankar’s visit to Islamabad?

1. Jaishankar’s visit to Islamabad for the SCO summit marks a possible thaw in India-Pakistan relations.
2. The diplomatic tone was notably warmer compared to previous engagements, such as Bilawal Bhutto Zardari’s abrasive stance at the 2023 SCO meeting in Goa.
3. Pakistan’s hospitality, despite internal turmoil, reflects a possible shift in its foreign policy approach.

For detailed information on What is SCO? read this article here

Why is Pakistan reassessing its foreign policy?

1. Pakistan is facing severe internal challenges, including political instability, economic problems, and rising public unrest, prompting a reassessment of its foreign policy.
2. Inflation and economic instability are at the forefront, pressuring the government to focus on stabilising the country.
3. The army, led by General Asim Munir, appears to support a shift in foreign relations to ease tensions.
4. Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif’s government, mentored by Nawaz Sharif, is adopting a more pragmatic approach. It recognises that better relations with India could help address domestic issues and bring economic benefits.
5. Additionally, Pakistan is recalibrating its stance due to India’s growing global influence, recognizing that cooperation with India could bring more advantages than hostility.

What is the role of different perspectives in India’s policy towards Pakistan?

1. Realists (Subedars): Realists have dominated India’s policy, especially during Modi’s tenure. They focus on security and advocate a hardline stance against Pakistan, prioritizing national defense.
2. Liberal Institutionalists (Saudagars): This group emphasizes trade and economic ties as tools for peace. They argue that cooperation in areas like trade can benefit both nations economically.
3. Constructivists (Sufis): Constructivists promote dialogue, cultural exchanges, and reconciliation. They believe addressing historical grievances through diplomacy can build trust between India and Pakistan.
4. Incorporating all three perspectives could create a more balanced and cooperative approach to India-Pakistan relations.

Question for practice:

Discuss the factors influencing Pakistan’s reassessment of its foreign policy towards India.