Tackling poverty: Better job prospects will improve outcomes

Source: The post is based on the article “Tackling poverty: Better job prospects will improve outcomes” published in Business standard on 19th July 2023.

Syllabus: GS1- poverty and developmental issues & GS 3- growth development and employment.

News: According to the National Multidimensional Poverty Index: A Progress Review 2023, prepared by the NITI Aayog and other partners (UNDP, Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative) shows that India’s multidimensional poverty dropped from 24.85% in 2015-16 to 14.96% in 2019-21.

What is Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)?

Definition: The MPI measures poverty beyond just income, considering various factors.

Aspects Covered: It includes health (nutrition and maternal health), education (school attendance and years of schooling), and living standards (sanitation, drinking water, housing, assets, etc.).

Relevance: The MPI is vital for tracking Sustainable Development Goals, which aim to reduce poverty.

Importance: It captures broader perspectives of poverty, giving a comprehensive view of an individual’s well-being.

What are the major outcomes of the “National Multidimensional Poverty Index: A Progress Review 2023”?

Positive Outcomes

Significant Reduction: Multidimensional poverty in India dropped from 24.85% to 14.96% between 2015-16 and 2019-21.

Massive Exit: 135 million people moved out of multidimensional poverty during this period.

Urban Progress: In urban areas, only 5.27% of the population is multidimensionally poor.

State Improvements: Bihar witnessed a significant decline, though challenges remain.

Negative Outcomes

Rural Concerns: Rural areas have a higher rate at 19.28%, emphasizing the urban-rural divide.

Regional Disparities: States like Bihar still have high levels at 34%, while Kerala stands at just 0.55%.

Quality of Education: Though schooling years are considered, the quality of education in many Indian schools remains unsatisfactory.

Job Challenges: India faces a lack of quality job opportunities for its rising workforce.