Following are today’s UPSC Mains Marathon Questions
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Questions
1) How does the quality of primary education influence the development of higher education and national leadership? Discuss with examples from India and other nations. (GS Paper II – Education)
2) Evaluate the challenges posed by radicalism in India’s neighborhood, with specific reference to recent developments in Bangladesh. How should India recalibrate its foreign policy to address these concerns? (GS Paper II – International Relations)
1) How does the quality of primary education influence the development of higher education and national leadership? Discuss with examples from India and other nations. (GS Paper II – Education)
According to United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Orgamisation,
"Quality education is education that is inclusive and equitable and promotes lifelong kaming opportunities for all. "
Primary education that develops literacy, numeracy, critical thinking and social skius directly influences the development of higher education and national leadership:
Role in developing higher education:
1. Creation of a Skilled Student Pipeline: well-prepared student base deives higher education to expand and innovate to meet the needs of an intellectually capable cohort.
2. Focus on Research and Innovation: strong academic foundation improves the chances f pursuance of advanced degrees and research. This enhances global reputation and contributes to knowledge creation.
Examples:
> Well funded primary education in USA has ensued creation and development of some of the world's best institutions like,
Harvard University.
> In India too, world renowned universities like Indian Institutes o Management and Technology.
Role in developing National Leaduship:
1. Development of foundational skius ensures understanding complex issues and maling infosmed deusions
2. Ethical leadership stems from early exposure to moral principles. helping ladus prioritize the greates good over personal gains.
3. Nurturing primary education Lielps in building confidence and communication which is crucial in public speaking and initiative taking.
Examples:
Indian leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar benefited from strong foundational education.
Nations that invest in equitable and nigh-quality primary education create a broades and more capable pool o scholars and future leaders, driving progress and inclusive govanence.
2) Evaluate the challenges posed by radicalism in India’s neighborhood, with specific reference to recent developments in Bangladesh. How should India recalibrate its foreign policy to address these concerns? (GS Paper II – International Relations)
Nationwide student and public protests against the government in August 2024 led to the resignation of Prime Minister Sheik Hasina. Since then, an interim government led by nobel laureat Muhammad Yunus has been running the country.
However, recent developments indicate a resurgence of radical ideologies, this poses challnges to India's security, stability and regional relations.
Key Challenges:
1. Hampered India- Bangladesh cooperation: Groups lilee Jamaat-e- delami and Hefazat-e- felam are known for their hardline stonce against secularism and pro-India polícies. The rising inflence com destabilize the region.
2. Terrodism and Cross-Bordes Security:
Groups such as Ansar al-Jslam (affiliated with Al-Qaeda) and remnants of Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB) are known to use porous border to smuggle ams, plam attacks, etc. Their rising influence can reignite cross-border terorism and insugencies in north-east.
3. Refugee Crisis
People forming minority in Bengladish could fice the country and enter India fearing religious persecution. Many Bangladeshi enter India ilgali and commit crime.
Eg. recent attacker of bollywood star Saif Ali Khan was illegal migrant from Bangladesh
India's Foreign Policy: Recalibration to Address Thuse Concerns:
1. Strengthening Counter-Radicalisation and Security cooperation: Terrorism and radicalisation can be curbed through sharing intelligence and performing joint operations. Fencing border through mutual cooperation com sole the immediate challenges
2. Expanding developmental programs nd promoting skiu development programs com boost pro-India sentiments.
3. Supporting moduate Islamic groups and engaging with civil society to promote inter-faith dialouge and communal hasmony.
4. Increase exchanges in education, sports, and media to foster goodwil among Bangladeshi youth.
5. Revitalizing regional platforms lice BIMSTEC and SAARe com be used to encourage active participation of Bangladesh in counter-radicalisation initiatives and counter external infuences from the likes of Paristan, which are known to exploit radical elements.
Rising radicalisation in India’s neighbours such as Bangladesh is more of challenge than just a domestic issue for India. Recalibrating foreign policy by combining security measues, economic cooperation, cultural engagement & regional collaboration should be done to address chatu challange that rising radicalism faces.
1) According to United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Orgamisation,
"Quality education is education that is inclusive and equitable and promotes lifelong kaming opportunities for all. "
Primary education that develops literacy, numeracy, critical thinking and social skius directly influences the development of higher education and national leadership:
Role in developing higher education:
1. Creation of a Skilled Student Pipeline: well-prepared student base deives higher education to expand and innovate to meet the needs of an intellectually capable cohort.
2. Focus on Research and Innovation: strong academic foundation improves the chances f pursuance of advanced degrees and research. This enhances global reputation and contributes to knowledge creation.
Examples:
> Well funded primary education in USA has ensued creation and development of some of the world's best institutions like,
Harvard University.
> In India too, world renowned universities like Indian Institutes o Management and Technology.
Role in developing National Leaduship:
1. Development of foundational skius ensures understanding complex issues and maling infosmed deusions
2. Ethical leadership stems from early exposure to moral principles. helping ladus prioritize the greates good over personal gains.
3. Nurturing primary education Lielps in building confidence and communication which is crucial in public speaking and initiative taking.
Examples:
Indian leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar benefited from strong foundational education.
Nations that invest in equitable and nigh-quality primary education create a broades and more capable pool o scholars and future leaders, driving progress and inclusive govanence.
2) Nationwide student and public protests against the government in August 2024 led to the resignation of Prime Minister Sheik Hasina. Since then, an interim government led by nobel laureat Muhammad Yunus has been running the country.
However, recent developments indicate a resurgence of radical ideologies, this poses challnges to India's security, stability and regional relations.
Key Challenges:
1. Hampered India- Bangladesh cooperation: Groups lilee Jamaat-e- delami and Hefazat-e- felam are known for their hardline stonce against secularism and pro-India polícies. The rising inflence com destabilize the region.
2. Terrodism and Cross-Bordes Security:
Groups such as Ansar al-Jslam (affiliated with Al-Qaeda) and remnants of Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB) are known to use porous border to smuggle ams, plam attacks, etc. Their rising influence can reignite cross-border terorism and insugencies in north-east.
3. Refugee Crisis
People forming minority in Bengladish could fice the country and enter India fearing religious persecution. Many Bangladeshi enter India ilgali and commit crime.
Eg. recent attacker of bollywood star Saif Ali Khan was illegal migrant from Bangladesh
India's Foreign Policy: Recalibration to Address Thuse Concerns:
1. Strengthening Counter-Radicalisation and Security cooperation: Terrorism and radicalisation can be curbed through sharing intelligence and performing joint operations. Fencing border through mutual cooperation com sole the immediate challenges
2. Expanding developmental programs nd promoting skiu development programs com boost pro-India sentiments.
3. Supporting moduate Islamic groups and engaging with civil society to promote inter-faith dialouge and communal hasmony.
4. Increase exchanges in education, sports, and media to foster goodwil among Bangladeshi youth.
5. Revitalizing regional platforms lice BIMSTEC and SAARe com be used to encourage active participation of Bangladesh in counter-radicalisation initiatives and counter external infuences from the likes of Paristan, which are known to exploit radical elements.
Rising radicalisation in India’s neighbours such as Bangladesh is more of challenge than just a domestic issue for India. Recalibrating foreign policy by combining security measues, economic cooperation, cultural engagement & regional collaboration should be done to address chatu challange that rising radicalism faces.