Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) Satellite Systems

News: Bharat Electronics Limited and Bellatrix Aerospace signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to design, develop and manufacture next-generation satellite systems and payloads for Very Low Earth Orbit operations.

About Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) Satellite Systems

• The Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) refers to altitudes between 100 km and 450 km, significantly lower than traditional Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
• Key Features
  • Enhanced imagery: Being closer to earth allows for ultra-high-resolution imaging (up to 10 cm per pixel) with smaller, more cost-effective optics compared to traditional satellites.
  • Ultra-low latency: The shorter distance reduces signal travel time, which is critical for real-time applications like 6G networks, autonomous vehicles, and remote surgery.
  • Space sustainability: VLEO is “self-cleaning” because atmospheric drag naturally de-orbits satellites at the end of their life, preventing the buildup of long-term space debris.
  • Lower launch costs: Small launch vehicles can deliver more mass to lower altitudes, and the more benign radiation environment allows the use of cheaper, commercial-grade electronics.
• Challenges
  • Atmospheric drag: Residual atmosphere creates strong drag, requiring frequent or continuous propulsion to maintain orbit.
  • Higher fuel consumption: Satellites closer to Earth require greater fuel to counter orbital decay.
  • Material degradation: High levels of atomic oxygen can corrode spacecraft surfaces and require special protective coatings.