News: Vitamin B12 deficiency in India is widespread, underdiagnosed, and linked to diet, absorption problems, and long-term neurological and physical health effects.
About Vitamin B12
- Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin, also called cobalamin, that is essential for nerve function, red blood cell formation, and DNA synthesis.
- Forms of B12
- Vitamin B12 exists as methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin, which are the metabolically active forms.
- Hydroxycobalamin and cyanocobalamin become active after conversion inside the body.
- Sources of B12
- Its sources are primarily animal products like meat, fish (salmon, tuna, sardines), poultry, eggs, and dairy (milk, cheese, yogurt), plus fortified foods for vegetarians/vegans, such as breakfast cereals, plant milks, and nutritional yeast.
- Key functions
- Vitamin B12 supports the development, myelination, and proper functioning of the central nervous system.
- It is required for healthy red blood cell formation and prevention of anaemia.
- It plays an essential role in DNA synthesis and normal cell division.
- It acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism.
- Cause of deficiency
- Limited access to animal-source foods and prolonged cooking methods reduce available B12.
- Poor absorption occurs due to gastric, intestinal, or age-related factors.
- Long-term use of certain medications can gradually deplete B12 stores.
- Effects of deficiancy
- Deficiency causes persistent fatigue, weakness, numbness, tingling, poor concentration, and mood changes.
- Prolonged deficiency can lead to nerve damage, cognitive decline, balance problems, and anaemia-related complications.
