News: The WHO has released guidelines recommending low-sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) to improve cardiovascular health.
About WHO’s New Guidelines on Salt Consumption
- The guidelines suggest reducing sodium chloride (NaCl) in table salt and replacing it with potassium chloride (KCl).
- The goal is to limit sodium intake to less than 2 grams per day to reduce high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
- The recommendation applies only to household table salt and not to packaged or restaurant foods.
- Excludes pregnant women, children, and individuals with kidney impairments or those unable to excrete potassium efficiently.
How Excess Salt Affects the Body
- Sodium retains water in the bloodstream, increasing blood pressure.
- High salt intake contributes to:
- Hypertension increases the risk of strokes and heart attacks.
- Atherosclerosis leads to hardened arteries and restricted blood flow.
- Vascular stiffness reduces flexibility in blood vessels.
- Potassium helps counterbalance sodium’s effects and supports better vascular function.
- Studies show that reducing salt intake:
- Lowers systolic blood pressure by 4 mmHg and diastolic by 2 mmHg.
- Reduces risks of CVDs, kidney diseases, and gastric cancer.
Challenges in Adopting Low-Sodium Salt
- Higher cost compared to regular salt makes LSSS less accessible.
- Consumer behavior needs to change, requiring government intervention.
- Government policies should mandate the use of LSSS and promote clear labeling for consumer awareness.
Potential Risks of High Potassium Intake
- Not everyone can safely consume potassium-enriched salt.
- Individuals with kidney disease or undiagnosed renal conditions may face hyperkalemia (excess potassium in blood).
- Health experts emphasize the need for careful implementation to avoid unintended health risks.
