Xenotransplantation

Source-This post on Xenotransplantation is based on the article “First human recipient of pig kidney transplant dies: What is xenotransplantation, why pigs are used” published in “The Indian Express” on 14th May 2024.

Why in the News?

Recently, the first person to receive a transplant of a genetically modified pig kidney through Xenotransplantation passed away approximately two months after the procedure.

About Xenotransplantation

1. About Xenotransplantation: It involves using live animal cells, tissues, or organs to treat human medical conditions.

2. History and Need for Xenotransplantation: The first attempts to use animal hearts in human transplants happened in the 1980s. There was a big shortage of human organs which were needed for transplant. This led doctors to look at animal organs as an alternative.

3. Xenotransplantation Process:

1. Animal organs, like pig kidneys, are genetically altered to prevent the human body from rejecting them. This involves removing certain animal genes and adding human ones to make the organ more compatible.

2. After the transplant, continuous monitoring is required to see how the body reacts to the new organ.

4. Risks and Complications:

1. Infection Risks: There is a risk of transmitting infections from the animal to the human recipient. This can affect not only the individual but potentially spread to others.

2. Long-term Health Risks: There is also a concern about retroviruses. These are viruses that could remain dormant and cause diseases years after the transplant.

Why are pigs commonly used in xenotransplantation

1. Similar Body Structure as Humans: Pigs are often chosen because their body structure and functions are similar to humans. Pigs are easy and cost-effective to breed.

2. Enhanced possibility of Organ Size Matching: Different pig breeds offer a variety of organ sizes. This makes it easier to find a match for human recipients.

UPSC Syllabus: Science and technology